Citizens lack confidence in ability of security forces to protect public
Bespectacled and clean-shaven, 37-year-old Jomari Paraas could pass for a typical office employee in the Philippines — except he has six guns in his backpack that he will soon sell.
The father of two is a prolific player in the country's enormous and lucrative weapons black market, which has been under scrutiny following a spate of high-profile massacres and shootouts this year.
"Why do I trade guns? Because there is a demand for it. And it's extra income," said Paraas, a community organizer for a nongovernmental organization and a former communist guerrilla.
Speaking in a crowded Manila slum where he was planning to sell the six guns, Paraas said he had been a firearms trader for more than a decade, starting in his late 20s. He started selling used guns and knockoffs of foreign brands made by illegal gunsmiths in the central and southern Philippines before moving to more expensive weapons smuggled from abroad.
The American-made .22-caliber Magnum Black Widow revolvers in his bag were ordered by a buyer through a shadowy network of small-time gun runners who take advantage of the city's urban squalor to peddle their deadly wares.
Their clients range from security-conscious housewives to slum dwellers and members of "private armies" employed by political warlords.
"They are light and easy to move, and in demand from many people because they primarily use it for self-defense," Paraas said of the revolvers, which he sells for 5,000 pesos ($120) each. "Higher caliber guns and automatic rifles can also be bought, at a higher price."
The proliferation of firearms in the Philippines has been in the spotlight since January, following a series of shooting-related deaths, including of two children hit by stray bullets on New Year's Eve. A drugs-crazed gunman also killed seven people in a slum rampage, and a shootout linked to a gambling turf war left 13 dead, among them corrupt police and military officers.
The Philippines has a strong gun culture dating back centuries, with a history of armed struggle against Spanish and U.S. colonial rulers.
Firepower to spare: A sales assistant demonstrates how to convert a 9 mm handgun into a compact submachinegun at a weapons store in Manila on April 4. | AFP-JIJI
Today, people typically carry guns because they lack confidence in the country's security forces to protect the public, according to security analysts and firearms traders. There were 1.2 million registered firearms in the Philippines last year, with another 600,000 unlicensed firearms in circulation, according to national police data.
Getting a license to own a conventional gun is easy, but getting one without a police clearance can be even easier. Security analyst Ed Quitoriano, who regularly advises foreign embassies on threat issues, said there could be as many as 4 million unlicensed guns across the country.
The gun culture can be unsettling, particularly for foreign visitors. Private security guards with loaded, sawed-off shotguns infest the crime-plagued cities, protecting small and large private businesses. Restaurants, nightclubs and banks often have signs asking patrons to leave their firearms at entrance counters.
Foreigners are warned by long-time expatriates to avoid any incident that could escalate into violence, because of the potential for a gun to be used on them.
President Benigno Aquino III launched a high-profile campaign at the start of the year to get unlicensed guns off the streets. But government data shows this has so far netted fewer that 2,200 firearms, highlighting what Quitoriano said was the government's lack of resolve and capabilities to tackle the issue.
He said many powerful figures, including soldiers, police and politicians, profited from the firearms trade — part of a huge corruption problem that plagues all sectors of society.
Quitoriano also said the climate of fear fueled the black market: "If the public trusted the government more, there would be no need for them to protect themselves by arming."
Alexander Reyes, who owns self-defense specialty shop Aquila Firearms and Ammunition Corp. at a Manila mall, agreed. "It used to be for prestige, because guns equate with power," Reyes said. "But nowadays, it is mostly for protection. The police cannot protect you 24/7."
